Climate Change Disasters Hit CA Especially Hard

A new report ranks California among the top states suffering economic damage from climate-related disasters: food shortages, floods, droughts, wildfires, pollution and disease.

A new national climate assessment paints a dismal picture of the nationwide impacts of climate change, driving food shortages, intensifying droughts, floods and wildfires, spreading diseases and air pollution and jeopardizing public infrastructure like roads and railways.

The federal report released Nov. 17 ranked California among the top five states suffering economic effects from climate-related natural disasters. A chapter about the risks and effects in the Southwest contains a long and alarming list of projections, particularly the impact of drought on water supplies, agriculture, diseases and ecosystems.

“Droughts are projected to increase in intensity, duration, and frequency, especially in the Southwest….Human and natural systems are threatened by rapid shifts between wet and dry periods that make water resources difficult to predict and manage,” the report reads.

The Fifth National Climate Assessment, which the U.S. government describes as its preeminent report on climate change, noted the compounding impacts of climate change: A wildfire in one part of a state can migrate across its regions or into other states, and will worsen air quality far from the source. The report also warns of “sudden failures” when the impacts of climate change combine with other factors, like food insecurity and changing migration patterns.

UCLA climate scientist Aradhna Tripati, one of the authors, said the new assessment “documents the state of the science on the physical and human experiences. It shows absolutely that what is happening is not normal.”

“We’re actively experiencing severe climate change impacts It’s no longer theoretical or a distant threat, an abstract one. It is not something that happens in the future here. It is not something only happening in places far away from where we live. All weather is now being affected. And this is human caused,” she said.

Unless greenhouse gas emissions are slashed, even more dire impacts on people, the economy and the environment will be coming, the report warns.

“The effects of human-caused climate change are already far-reaching and worsening across every region of the United States,” the report says. “Without deeper cuts in global net greenhouse gas emissions and accelerated adaptation efforts, severe climate risks to the United States will continue to grow.”

“Despite an increase in adaptation actions across the country, current adaptation efforts and investments are insufficient to reduce today’s climate-related risks and keep pace with future changes in the climate,” the report says.

Nationwide, annual greenhouse gas emissions fell 12% between 2005 and 2019, driven largely by changes in how electricity is produced. Emissions from power plants dropped 40% due to declining use of coal and more reliance on natural gas and solar power.

Transportation is now the largest emitter nationwide. California has led the way in addressing this, adapting a mandate that will ban the sale of new gasoline-powered cars by 2035.

The report highlighted states’ efforts to combat climate change, such as commitments by California and other states to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Paris Agreement, and California’s commitment to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2045.

The economy and public infrastructure

During the 1980s, the U.S. experienced a billion-dollar disaster every four months when adjusted for inflation, according to the report. But now the average is once every three weeks. Between 2018 and 2022, the U.S. experienced 89 events with costs that exceeded a billion dollars.

In coastal areas, people’s homes and properties, as well as public infrastructure, are increasingly exposed to rising seas.

“In coastal areas, sea level rise threatens permanent inundation of infrastructure, including roadways, railways, ports, tunnels, and bridges; water treatment facilities and power plants; and hospitals, schools, and military bases,” the report says.

Florida led the pack, exceeding $90 billion in economic damages from billion-dollar disasters between 2018 and 2022, with California, Texas, North Carolina and Louisiana closely behind, with total damages between $30 billion and $90 billion.

Droughts and floods

The Southwest, which includes California, naturally has intense periods of drought and rainfall that are now exacerbated by changing climate patterns. The report predicts reduced flows in major river basins, including the Colorado River, a major source of water in Southern California.

The Southwest is experiencing a megadrought, the driest period in 1,200 years. What’s more, snowpack is decreasing, which could have implications for “surface water and groundwater supplies.”

Even as California and surrounding states feel the impacts of drought, California and the rest of the Southwest are vulnerable to flooding from extreme storms and rapid snowmelts. The report warns that sea level rise may threaten critical water supplies in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Bay Delta region.

“In coastal environments, dry conditions, sea level rise, and saltwater intrusion endanger groundwater aquifers and stress aquatic ecosystems,” the report warns. “Inland, decreasing snowpack alters the volume and timing of streamflow and increases wildfire risk. Small rural water providers that often depend on a single water source or have limited capacity are especially vulnerable.”

Drought in California’s San Joaquin Valley has disrupted farm workers’ employment, reduced food and water security, and affected health with more extreme heatwaves and smog.

The report predicts that the Southwest will experience more extreme heat and smoggy days, contributing to more illness and premature death. Drier air could lead to more dust storms, doubling the deaths attributed to fine dust during the final two decades of this century. The incidence of Valley fever also is expected to increase.

Coasts and sea level rise

The report notes that California’s coastal sea surface temperature has seen an average increase of 0.4° to 0.6°F per decade since the 1970s. This causes marine heatwaves that jeopardize marine mammals, seabirds and fisheries.

The state’s coastal habitats and homes are threatened by rising seas — and California has more people living below 3.3 feet (one meter) of elevation than any state other than Louisiana. The state’s transportation fuel network is also at risk of flooding. The report noted that under one sea level rise scenario, the Toxic Tides Project found that some 400 industrial facilities and toxic sites could be at risk of flooding.

Higher sea levels also could increase coastal groundwater levels, “exposing communities to flooding from water that emerges from underground,” with communities in “low-lying areas” such as San Francisco Bay most at risk, the report says.

Wildfires

The report foresees wildfires, exacerbated by climate change, as continuing to have a major impact in California. Of the 50 largest U.S. wildfires in 2020, 22 occurred in California, and the 7 largest wildfires recorded in California have occurred since 2018, the report noted.

Three of the five deadliest fires on record in California have occurred since 2017, costing 122 lives. In 2021, 3,363 structures burned due to wildfires in California, the highest number lost in any state. During harvest seasons these conflagrations increase risks for workers.

With warmer and drier conditions, wildfires are moving higher in elevation and creating hotter and more severe fires. These trends are expected through the middle of this century. More fires and larger areas burned will lead to loss of biodiversity of species and “result in a significant health burden, especially for at-risk populations.”

Food and agriculture

Climate change is expected to disrupt global and U.S. food production, and California is particularly susceptible to these disruptions. California is the leading state in agricultural cash crops, with substantial income from fruits, nuts and vegetables.

The report says food shortages and higher food costs are expected because of the impact of the changing conditions. Many growers already are trying to adapt to the new rainfall patterns and temperatures.

Drought cost the industry an estimated $1.28 billion in 2021 alone. Warming temperatures are expected to reduce yields of valuable crops, including almonds and wine grapes.

In California, rising temperatures will alter crop timing and locations, potentially harming orchard crops with warmer winters. Fewer cold snaps may reduce frost exposure, but “false springs” could increase vulnerability. Summers will likely see more heatwaves. Meanwhile periodic floods from atmospheric river storms are poised to hit California’s Central Valley, also disrupting farming.

Alejandro Lazo is a reporter with CalMatters.

 

8 Comments

  1. This article is utter nonsense. The same climate alarmists said CA would have a very dry year last year – yet we had HISTORIC levels of precipitation. We are also seeing rain coming again this season already. The models used by the climate alarmists, similar to the models for COVID – they are wrong most of the time. These jokers cannot, and I repeat CANNOT predict what the climate will do – or make a strong case changing climates are manmade, especially given historic warming/cooling trends.

    Also, 90%+ OF WILDFIRES IN CA ARE STARTED BY HUMAN ERROR/ARSON. Not climate change. Say that 10x to yourself in the mirror. Most of the largest and most destructive fires in recent history were manmade – OR a failure of the utility company. The most recent large fire in the state in Southern CA was from an illegal homeless camp.

    So, author, if you advocated for cleaning up the homeless crisis in this state – and advocated for PGE to be more responsible – then you’d address 90%+ of the issue with fires. Then the next largest issue isn’t, again, climate change – it is the countless tons of garbage and human waste the homeless crisis creates all over the state. Destruction of ecosystems, water quality, etc.

    Give me a break with the pretentious and elitist climate change garbage – at least until you clean up the trash first.

  2. It’s additional hysterical and ignorant nonsense. Climate change is a slow process, with general effects the real concern, not this or that storm for hype and sensationalist appeal to emotion, especially when it’s not due to climate change, whose effects have largely not taken effect yet.

    Stay around for a few more decades and you’ll see the real changes happen, but they haven’t happened yet. Nothing that happens can be attributed directly to climate change at this time, and it’s irresponsible when not outright dishonest, for political reasons, to “graduate” to “might be due to climate change” to “due to climate change” as we see in the media and from like-poor-minded politicians.

    It’s also ludicrous to expand climate change effects now not only to weather effects (as always concentrating on extreme events and news-makers for more hype potential) but to anything that could be imagined and added, which is even more ridiculous.

    Under ailing Biden the kids have run somewhat wild here and there, now and then, as with this.

    And this nonsense easily and routinely fools whom?

  3. TIME TO BE HONEST, in addition to lacking precision (which can be fixed with more precision, which takes more money but is worth it), the models indeed still aren’t perfect.

    The models, for example, do not agree on the movement of the Pacific high-pressure area off the West Coast, key to climate change effects for the western USA (making it much drier and precipitation also more variable, or less reliable = aridification). There is even a paper on the models’ disagreement with an average (mean) result of moving slowly southward, which makes no sense. (A tenth of a degree northward annually, from another paper, makes more sense.) As for aridification and making more land arid, some writers have done bad and good work on this (the 100th meridian is not a “concept” and it doesn’t move, as some papers say; what can move is the arid-humid boundary, and those “discovering” the 98th meridian now neglect Webb’s 1931 work pointing to it as the arid-humid boundary already, long ago; drylands expansion and getting drier is the correct prediction, in another paper). The models don’t always work and other work done by people is bad.

    James Lovelock, of Gaia fame, has said himself that the kids need to stop playing with models and simulations and writing papers about these (and meta-analyses of existing work or Internet searches of various publication databases) and go out in the field and make more measurements.

    And California government is too stupid and self-crippled by poor politics to work on water supply.

  4. I’ll believe global warming is a problem when the rich people telling me it’s a problem start ACTING like it is a problem. They can begin by getting rid of their private jets.

  5. It’s wonderful that San Jose Inside readers include so many who are climate experts who can correct the record of those who spend their lives studying the climate!

  6. “Right!” Nothing to see here, Folks! It’s not those who stand to gain the most financially from continuing to warm the planet, it’s those pesky scientists who are most suspect!

  7. We who know and are better about this oppose wrongful politics, not science, not that you necessarily would know or could tell the difference any more than with Dr. Caldicott and anti-nuclear politics, or all manner of politics in the notorious public health community, also well-known among the competent for its gun control activism, or with other examples. Too many of you fall for a bogus air of authority when said authority is misused politically. The exploiters thrive from the many of you who are exploitable, including as taxpayers, and currently exploiting the big vacuum in a lot of places under an ailing Biden and his top federal leadership.

    In the past, climate change was science and learning about the process and its effects, with much already learned by the late 1970s, early 1980s, but with the present politics and suckers, it’s no surprise we now have Scientist Rebellion.

    They even wear white coats and may state they are scientists, using that appeal to authority, but refrain from joining them in (old term) Direct Action. Attaching yourselves to things and disrupting activities (or breaking things) don’t look good even in white lab coats with the Extinction & Science Rebellion cult logo on them.

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