Judge Amit P. Mehta said Google must hand over some of its search data to rivals, falling short of the sweeping changes proposed by the government to rein in the power of Silicon Valley.

In a landmark antitrust case, the Justice Department asked a federal judge to force the company to sell its popular Chrome browser. The Department of Justice and a group of states had until the end of Wednesday to propose remedies in an antitrust lawsuit they won in August.

Two of Google’s A.I. researchers, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper,  shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, just hours after the Justice Department started spelling out plans that could lead to its break up.

The Federal Trade Commission and 17 states sued Amazon, saying its conduct in its online store and services to merchants illegally stifled competition. California, which is not part of the F.T.C. suit, filed a separate lawsuit last year against Amazon.

The ruling did not affect other claims in the antitrust case about Google's  search engine, which is scheduled to go to trial next month.

The Justice Department’s antitrust lawsuit, which California, New York and six other states joined, was the fifth by U.S. officials against the company for anticompetitive practices since 2020.